{
  "count": 42,
  "updated": "2026-06-28T04:01:10.164Z",
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "SENS-001",
      "name": "LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)",
      "type": "3D depth sensing",
      "range": "0.1 - 300+ m",
      "description": "Pulsed laser-based 3D mapping sensor. Essential for autonomous navigation and obstacle detection. Solid-state LiDAR is replacing mechanical spinning units.",
      "manufacturer": "Velodyne (Ouster), Luminar, Hesai, Livox, Innoviz"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-002",
      "name": "Event Camera (Neuromorphic Vision)",
      "type": "Vision sensor",
      "range": "Dynamic range 120dB+",
      "description": "Pixels fire independently when brightness changes, mimicking the retina. Extremely low latency (μs), high dynamic range, low power. Ideal for high-speed robotics.",
      "manufacturer": "Prophesee (Metavision), iniVation (DAVIS), CelePixel"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-003",
      "name": "Tactile Sensor (GelSight)",
      "type": "Touch sensing",
      "range": "Sub-millimeter resolution",
      "description": "Optical tactile sensors that capture high-resolution contact geometry and force distribution. Enable dexterous robotic manipulation.",
      "manufacturer": "GelSight (MIT spinoff), SynTouch, Pressure Profile Systems"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-004",
      "name": "IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)",
      "type": "Motion sensing",
      "range": "±2g to ±200g; ±125°/s to ±4000°/s",
      "description": "Combines accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer for orientation and motion tracking. Essential for robot balance and navigation.",
      "manufacturer": "Bosch, InvenSense (TDK), STMicroelectronics, Analog Devices"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-005",
      "name": "Force/Torque Sensor",
      "type": "Force sensing",
      "range": "0.01 N·m to 1000+ N·m",
      "description": "Measures forces and torques in 6 axes (Fx, Fy, Fz, Tx, Ty, Tz). Critical for robotic assembly, polishing, and safe human-robot interaction.",
      "manufacturer": "ATI Industrial Automation, OnRobot, SCHUNK, ME-Meßsysteme"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-006",
      "name": "XELA uSkin 3-Axis Tactile Sensor",
      "type": "Tactile sensing (3-axis)",
      "range": "3-axis force (x, y, z) per taxel",
      "description": "High-density three-axis tactile sensor for humanoid and industrial robot hands. Each taxel measures normal and shear forces in 3 axes, enabling robots to understand what they touch. Featured at CES 2026, the uSkin system now covers fingertips, phalanges, and palm with a nail element for precision interaction. Combined with uAi software for tactile intelligence.",
      "manufacturer": "XELA Robotics"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-007",
      "name": "Robotiq TSF-85 Tactile Sensor Fingertips",
      "type": "Tactile sensing (multimodal)",
      "range": "Pressure, vibration, proprioception",
      "description": "Tactile sensor fingertips for the Robotiq 2F-85 Adaptive Gripper, bringing high-frequency tactile sensing to a proven manipulation platform. TSF-85 provides rich multimodal data for foundation model training, enables better grasp decisions and stability. Designed for Physical AI systems that need the sense of touch for real-world manipulation. Showcased at NVIDIA GTC and Hannover Messe 2026.",
      "manufacturer": "Robotiq"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-008",
      "name": "Tactile Foundation Model Sensor Suite",
      "type": "AI-powered tactile perception system",
      "range": "Temperature, thermal, vibration, pressure (multi-modal)",
      "description": "2026年触觉基础模型(Tactile Foundation Models)概念兴起，为机器人赋予触觉感知。新一代触觉传感器套件模仿人类皮肤，采用流体填充阻抗传感和水听器(麦克风)检测振动。可感知温度、热变化、振动和压力。预计到2026年底，每台新人形机器人都将标配触觉传感器，每个机器人手指都将嵌入触觉感知。",
      "manufacturer": "Multiple (Meta AI Research, XELA, academic labs)"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-009",
      "name": "Bioinspired Flexible Tactile Sensor",
      "type": "Flexible/soft tactile sensor",
      "range": "Multi-modal (pressure, strain, temperature)",
      "description": "仿生柔性触觉传感器，用于智能软体机器人。从硬件构建块和触觉传感到控制算法和应用，实现了类皮肤的多模态感知。2025-2026年研究进展包括柔性电子皮肤、可拉伸传感器阵列和自愈合触觉材料，为人形机器人和软体机器人提供更自然的人机交互能力。",
      "manufacturer": "Academic research (ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2025)"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-tesla-optimus-g3-suite",
      "name": "Tesla Optimus Gen 3 Sensor Suite",
      "type": "Multi-modal robot sensor system",
      "manufacturer": "Tesla",
      "year": "2026",
      "description": "Tesla-designed sensors integrated into Optimus Gen 3. Includes 360° vision system, force/torque sensing, and Tesla Autopilot AI for autonomous navigation. Features highly dexterous hands with tactile feedback. OLED facial display.",
      "source": "Tesla 2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-unitree-g1-lidar",
      "name": "Unitree G1 Perception System (3D LiDAR + Depth Camera)",
      "type": "Robot perception sensor suite",
      "manufacturer": "Unitree Robotics (China)",
      "year": "2025-2026",
      "description": "Unitree G1 humanoid robot sensor suite: 3D LiDAR, depth camera, 4-microphone array, and 5W speaker. Enables 360° depth perception for autonomous navigation. G1 is a compact humanoid at ~127cm tall, 35kg, with speeds up to 3.3 m/s.",
      "source": "Unitree Robotics 2025-2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-unitree-h1-360depth",
      "name": "Unitree H1 360° Depth Perception System",
      "type": "Multi-modal depth sensing system",
      "manufacturer": "Unitree Robotics (China)",
      "year": "2025-2026",
      "description": "Unitree H1's advanced perception system featuring 3D LiDAR and depth camera with 360° depth perception. Designed for robust environmental awareness in humanoid robot applications. Paired with high-torque actuators for dynamic locomotion.",
      "source": "Unitree Robotics 2025-2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-13",
      "name": "High-Res LiDAR Unit V2",
      "type": "LiDAR",
      "range": "180m",
      "description": "A 360-degree rotating LiDAR sensor with high-resolution point cloud generation for detailed environmental mapping and obstacle detection."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-14",
      "name": "9-Axis IMU Fusion Module",
      "type": "IMU",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A high-precision inertial measurement unit combining accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer data for accurate orientation and motion tracking."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-15",
      "name": "Pan-Tilt-Zoom Optical Camera",
      "type": "Camera",
      "range": "50m (daylight)",
      "description": "A high-definition color camera with motorized pan, tilt, and zoom capabilities for long-range visual inspection and object recognition."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-16",
      "name": "Multi-Spectral Vision Array",
      "type": "Camera",
      "range": "30m",
      "description": "A camera system capturing images in visible, near-infrared, and thermal spectrums for advanced material analysis and thermal anomaly detection."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-17",
      "name": "Electro-Active Tactile Skin",
      "type": "Tactile",
      "range": "0-5mm",
      "description": "A conformable sensor array covering a robotic limb, capable of detecting pressure, vibration, and temperature across its entire surface."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-18",
      "name": "Gripper Contact Array",
      "type": "Tactile",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A dense matrix of force-sensitive resistors located on a robotic gripper to provide fine-grained feedback for delicate manipulation tasks."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-19",
      "name": "Wide-Angle Ultrasonic Array",
      "type": "Ultrasonic",
      "range": "6m",
      "description": "A circular array of ultrasonic transducers providing wide-angle proximity detection and obstacle avoidance in cluttered environments."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-20",
      "name": "6-Axis Force-Torque Sensor",
      "type": "Force Torque",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A high-fidelity sensor mounted between a robotic arm and its end-effector to measure all six components of force and torque."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-21",
      "name": "Solid-State LiDAR Scanner",
      "type": "LiDAR",
      "range": "100m",
      "description": "A no-moving-parts LiDAR sensor with a fixed field of view, providing rapid, vibration-resistant scanning for dynamic environments."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-22",
      "name": "Laser Vibrometer",
      "type": "Ultrasonic",
      "range": "10m",
      "description": "A non-contact optical sensor that uses laser interferometry to measure surface vibrations and acoustic emissions with high precision."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-23",
      "name": "Event-Based Vision Sensor",
      "type": "Camera",
      "range": "30m",
      "description": "A neuromorphic camera that only reports pixel changes, enabling ultra-fast response to motion and low-latency visual processing."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-24",
      "name": "3D Tactile Digit",
      "type": "Tactile",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A single, highly sensitive robotic fingertip with a 3D array of sensors to provide rich feedback on object shape, texture, and slip."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-25",
      "name": "3D Time-of-Flight Camera",
      "type": "Camera",
      "range": "5m",
      "description": "An active depth-sensing camera that illuminates a scene with infrared light to create real-time 3D depth maps for navigation and interaction."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-26",
      "name": "Microphone Array",
      "type": "Ultrasonic",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A multi-element microphone system for beamforming, sound source localization, and acoustic scene analysis."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-27",
      "name": "Strain-Gauge Torque Sensor",
      "type": "Force Torque",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A compact sensor integrated into a joint to measure torque, providing critical feedback for force-controlled movements and safety."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-28",
      "name": "Velodyne VLP-32C LiDAR",
      "type": "LiDAR",
      "range": "70 meters",
      "description": "A 3D spinning LiDAR sensor with 32 channels, providing high-resolution point cloud data for obstacle detection, mapping, and localization."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-29",
      "name": "Xsens MTi-300 IMU",
      "type": "IMU",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A miniature inertial measurement unit providing precise data on orientation, angular velocity, and acceleration for motion tracking and stability control."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-30",
      "name": "Intel RealSense D435i Camera",
      "type": "Camera",
      "range": "10 meters (depth)",
      "description": "An RGB-D camera that captures color images and depth data simultaneously, ideal for 3D perception, gesture recognition, and human-robot interaction."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-31",
      "name": "Robotiq FT 300 Force-Torque Sensor",
      "type": "Force-Torque",
      "range": "300 N, 30 Nm",
      "description": "A sensor mounted on a robotic arm's wrist to measure forces and torques in all six axes, enabling precise force-controlled tasks like assembly and sanding."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-32",
      "name": "MaxBotix MB7066 Ultrasonic Sensor",
      "type": "Ultrasonic",
      "range": "10 meters",
      "description": "A long-range ultrasonic sensor that detects obstacles by emitting sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the echo to return, useful for navigation and collision avoidance."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-33",
      "name": "SynTouch BioTac Tactile Sensor",
      "type": "Tactile",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A biomimetic tactile sensor that mimics the human sense of touch, providing data on pressure, vibration, and temperature for delicate manipulation and object recognition."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-34",
      "name": "Ouster OS1-64 LiDAR",
      "type": "LiDAR",
      "range": "120 meters",
      "description": "A solid-state LiDAR sensor with 64 vertical channels, offering high-resolution 3D point clouds for long-range environmental mapping and perception."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-35",
      "name": "Bosch BNO055 IMU",
      "type": "IMU",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A 9-axis absolute orientation sensor that fuses accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer data to provide accurate heading and tilt information."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-36",
      "name": "FLIR Blackfly S Camera",
      "type": "Camera",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A high-resolution global shutter camera optimized for machine vision applications, capable of capturing fast-moving objects with minimal distortion."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-37",
      "name": "ATI Mini45 Force-Torque Sensor",
      "type": "Force-Torque",
      "range": "45 N, 2.25 Nm",
      "description": "A compact, high-precision force-torque sensor designed for integration into small robotic arms and end-effectors for delicate tasks."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-38",
      "name": "HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor",
      "type": "Ultrasonic",
      "range": "2-4 meters",
      "description": "A low-cost, popular ultrasonic sensor commonly used for short-range obstacle detection and distance measurement in hobbyist and educational robotics projects."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-39",
      "name": "Optoforce Tactile Sensor Array",
      "type": "Tactile",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "An array of force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) that maps pressure distribution across a surface, ideal for grip force control and slip detection."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-40",
      "name": "Livox Horizon LiDAR",
      "type": "LiDAR",
      "range": "100 meters",
      "description": "A high-performance, low-cost solid-state LiDAR with a 360-degree horizontal and 25-degree vertical field of view, designed for autonomous navigation."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-41",
      "name": "Sony IMX477 Camera Module",
      "type": "Camera",
      "range": "N/A",
      "description": "A 12.3-megapixel camera module with a large sensor, providing excellent low-light performance and high dynamic range for detailed visual perception."
    },
    {
      "id": "SENS-42",
      "name": "ATI Nano17 Force-Torque Sensor",
      "type": "Force-Torque",
      "range": "17 N, 0.17 Nm",
      "description": "A miniature, high-sensitivity force-torque sensor perfect for applications requiring precise measurement of very small forces and torques, such as micro-manipulation."
    }
  ]
}